Question 1

Is surrogacy legal in Ireland?

Accepted Answer

Surrogacy in Ireland is legally complex, with altruistic surrogacy permitted while commercial surrogacy is prohibited.

Altruistic surrogacy, where the surrogate receives only reasonable expenses, is allowed, but legal parentage isn't automatically granted to the intending parents; the surrogate is initially considered the legal mother and intending parents must apply for a parental order through the Irish courts to establish their legal rights. Commercial surrogacy, involving payment to the surrogate beyond expenses, is illegal and can result in penalties.

The Irish legal framework does not automatically recognize intending parents as the legal parents of a child born through surrogacy, requiring a legal process, typically a parental order application, considering the child’s welfare and the intentions of all parties involved.

Question 2

Can you choose gender with IVF in Ireland?

Accepted Answer

In Ireland, selecting the sex of a baby through IVF is not allowed unless there is a medical reason to do so.

The legal regulations surrounding assisted human reproduction are currently developing, with upcoming legislation planned to cover areas like pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT). While PGT can determine an embryo’s sex, it is not permitted for non-medical gender selection; its primary purpose is to identify chromosomally normal embryos or to screen for genetic disorders to prevent inherited conditions.

An exception is made when gender selection is necessary to avoid passing on a serious genetic disorder linked to a specific sex, allowing for the selection of unaffected embryos. The Health (Assisted Human Reproduction) Bill 2022 aims to further regulate these practices, though it is not yet law.

Question 3

Is embryo donation legal in Ireland?

Accepted Answer

Embryo donation is legal in Ireland, and is governed by the Children and Family Relationships Act 2015, which created a legal framework for donor-assisted human reproduction (DAHR).

The regulations surrounding DAHR, which came into effect on May 4, 2020, cover the use of donated gametes or embryos, requiring donors to be over 18, provide written consent acknowledging they will not be the legal parent, and agree to have their information held on the Irish National Donor-Conceived Person Register. Intending parents must also consent to the procedure and acknowledge the donor’s non-parental status, and agree to have their details and the child’s details recorded on the national register.

Following procedures conducted after May 4, 2020, with traceable sperm donors, both parents can be registered, while procedures before this date initially registered only the birth mother, requiring a Declaration of Parentage from the District Court for the intending parent’s registration.

Question 4

Can lesbians do IVF in Ireland?

Accepted Answer

Yes, lesbian couples can pursue IVF in Ireland, with several pathways and considerations regarding legal status, donor sperm, and parental recognition.

Donor-assisted reproduction, including the use of donor sperm for IVF, is readily available through private fertility clinics in Ireland, often in partnership with international sperm banks like the European Sperm Bank and Cryos International. For lesbian couples, donor sperm is necessary if neither partner produces sperm, and it is a requirement to undergo conception within an Irish clinic to be jointly recognized as parents from birth.

The Children and Family Relationships Act of 2015, particularly sections commencing in May 2020, allows both mothers to be registered on a child's birth certificate in cases of donor-assisted reproduction, provided the conception occurred in an Irish clinic using a traceable sperm donor. This also applies to reciprocal IVF arrangements where treatment took place in Ireland and the child was born in Ireland, allowing both partners to be named on the birth certificate.

Question 5

When was the first IVF baby born in Ireland?

Accepted Answer

The first IVF baby in Ireland was born on January 14, 1986, at St. James's Hospital in Dublin.

This baby was a girl, and her identity was never publicly revealed, but the birth was widely reported in The Irish Times and marked a significant moment for the country. The introduction of IVF in Ireland wasn’t without its difficulties, as the Medical Council initially approved it only for married couples after considerable debate.

Interestingly, the program that resulted in this first birth had been temporarily suspended in May 1985 for review, even though a successful conception had already taken place, highlighting the scrutiny surrounding the procedure at the time.

Question 6

How much does IVF cost in Ireland?

Accepted Answer

In Ireland, a basic IVF cycle typically costs between €4,595 and €8,000. Some clinics provide all-inclusive packages covering consultations, scans, egg collection, laboratory work, embryo culture, and transfer.

If donor eggs are used, the cost is considerably higher, starting around €6,300 and reaching up to €11,925 for the first cycle, which includes donor compensation and treatment expenses; one clinic details a package at €11,925 with a €575 registration fee and a €125 nurse consultation fee. Medication costs are often separate but may be capped at €80 through the Drugs Payment Scheme (DPS). Additional procedures like ICSI typically add €400 to €500 to the cycle cost, while Pre-implantation Genetic Testing (PGT-A) ranges from €7,950 to €10,000 for the first cycle.

Additional costs to consider include embryo storage, which can range from €500 for one year to €800 for three years, or €300 annually, and a frozen embryo transfer (FET) which costs approximately €1,550 to €1,595. Many clinics offer comprehensive packages, but it’s important to confirm what is included as some costs may be extra.

Question 7

Can gay couples do IVF in Ireland?

Accepted Answer

Male same-sex couples can pursue IVF in Ireland, typically through the use of donor eggs and surrogacy.

Irish law requires that all egg donors be identifiable to the child when they reach 18 years of age, and many clinics collaborate with international sperm banks like Cryos International and European Sperm Bank. Surrogacy in Ireland is currently a developing area, lacking specific legislation, and while the Assisted Human Reproduction (AHR) law passed in early 2024 will criminalize commercial surrogacy, altruistic surrogacy will remain an option.

The Children and Family Relationships Act 2015 has improved legal recognition for diverse family structures, though its provisions primarily benefit female same-sex couples regarding birth certificate registration for donor-conceived children; legal recognition for both parents in cases of surrogacy, especially international surrogacy, can be complex.

Question 8

Is IVF legal in Ireland?

Accepted Answer

IVF and other assisted human reproduction (AHR) treatments are legal in Ireland, with a comprehensive legal framework recently established through the Health (Assisted Human Reproduction) Act 2024 and the Children and Family Relationships Act 2015.

The Health (Assisted Human Reproduction) Act 2024, enacted on July 2, 2024, provides the primary regulatory structure for AHR practices, and is overseen by the newly established Assisted Human Reproduction Regulatory Authority (AHRRA). This authority is responsible for licensing treatment providers and researchers, ensuring compliance with the act, and setting upper age limits for treatment, as well as requiring information and counselling for patients.

The legislation also addresses donor-assisted human reproduction (DAHR) by prohibiting anonymous gamete donation and establishing a National Donor-Conceived Person Register, allowing donor-conceived children access to information about their origins. Provisions for both domestic and international surrogacy are also included within the Health (Assisted Human Reproduction) Act 2024, outlining requirements for agreements and parentage recognition.

Question 9

How does IVF work in Ireland?

Accepted Answer

In Ireland, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a multi-step process used to treat infertility, involving ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, fertilization, embryo culture, and finally, embryo transfer.

The process begins with ovarian stimulation using medications like follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) for 8-14 days, monitored by ultrasound and blood tests. Mature eggs are then retrieved via a minor surgical procedure and fertilized with sperm in a laboratory, using either conventional IVF or Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), particularly in cases of male factor infertility. The resulting embryos are cultured for three to five days before one or more are transferred to the uterus, with some clinics favoring single embryo transfer to reduce the risk of multiple pregnancies.

An IVF cycle typically requires 2-5 monitoring visits during the ovarian stimulation phase, and the treatment is supported by a developing regulatory framework and increasing public funding in Ireland.

Question 10

Can single women do IVF in Ireland?

Accepted Answer

Yes, single women are legally permitted to undergo IVF treatment in Ireland, and clinics are increasingly supportive of individuals seeking fertility assistance as solo mothers.

For single women, donor sperm is essential for IVF, and while accessible, anonymous sperm donation is no longer allowed; donors must register with the Irish National Donor-Conceived Person Register. Donor sperm is often sourced from international sperm banks, such as those in Denmark, and imported for treatment in Ireland. Public funding does not currently cover egg or sperm donation programs, which are available privately.

Publicly funded IVF through the HSE has age criteria, with a general upper limit of 41 years old for women at the time of referral, though some private clinics like Merrion Fertility Clinic may have different age cut-offs, such as 40 for treatments using a patient's own eggs.

Question 11

What is the age limit for IVF in Ireland?

Accepted Answer

In Ireland, there isn't a single legal age limit for all IVF treatments, but age limits are determined by public funding criteria and individual clinic policies.

For those seeking IVF treatment funded by the Health Service Executive (HSE), women must be under 40 years and 364 days old at the time of referral, though some sources suggest up to 41 years may be considered, while men must be under 59 years and 364 days old at the time of referral. Many individual clinics, like Merrion Fertility Clinic, set their own limits, often capping treatment with a woman’s own eggs at 40 years old, due to declining egg quality and success rates with age.

Using donor eggs may extend treatment options for older women, as the age of the egg donor is the primary factor in success, and these cases often fall outside of standard HSE funding and clinic policies, with varying limits.

Question 12

Is sperm donation legal in Ireland?

Accepted Answer

Sperm donation is legal in Ireland and is regulated by the Children and Family Relationships Act 2015, with specific regulations taking effect on May 4, 2020.

However, private sperm donations are not allowed; all donations must take place through licensed sperm banks or fertility clinics, and the sperm itself must originate from a facility based within the European Union. Ireland does not permit anonymous sperm donation, meaning donors must be identifiable to any resulting child once they reach the age of 18, with a national register maintained by clinics to facilitate this.

Potential donors are subject to extensive screening, including medical history reviews, physical examinations, and tests for hereditary diseases and infectious agents, and they also receive counseling. While the information does not specify compensation for donors, the cost of a single straw of sperm from a known donor can be up to €1,000, and since September 25, 2023, treatments using donor sperm are available free of charge from HSE-approved private clinics.

Question 13

Is egg donation legal in Ireland?

Accepted Answer

Egg donation is legal in Ireland, although it is not frequently performed within the country due to its smaller population size.

Irish law mandates that egg donors be identifiable, meaning donor-conceived children have the right to access information about their donor when they turn 18, as outlined in the Children and Family Relationships Act (CFRA) 2015. Details of donors, recipients, and children are registered with The National Donor Conceived Persons Register, and donors must provide specific CFRA consent, even when donating to banks in other countries.

Donors undergo comprehensive medical screening, including blood tests, genetic testing, and psychological assessments, and are limited to donating to a maximum of three families in Ireland, though some donor banks may allow for up to four. Egg donation is altruistic, with donors receiving only modest reimbursement for expenses, not direct payment for their donation.

Question 14

Is reciprocal IVF (ROPA) allowed in Ireland?

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal IVF, also known as ROPA or “shared motherhood,” is available in Ireland as a treatment option for female couples.

This process involves one partner providing the eggs for fertilization with donor sperm, while the other partner carries the pregnancy. While Ireland lacks specific legislation solely for reciprocal IVF, legal parentage for both partners can be established through the Children and Family Relationships Act 2015 and regulations for donor-assisted human reproduction from May 4, 2020. Couples undergoing this treatment typically need to complete diagnostic testing, attend implications counseling, and use identifiable donor sperm, adhering to specific screening requirements for both partners.

For children conceived through donor-assisted human reproduction procedures in Ireland using a traceable sperm donor from May 4, 2020, both parents can be registered with the Registrar for Births, Deaths, and Marriages, allowing them to be recognized as joint legal parents and have their names on the child's birth certificate, provided they both sign the necessary consent forms.

Question 15

What is the IVF success rate in Ireland?

Accepted Answer

IVF success rates in Ireland are variable, depending on factors like age, the specific clinic, and the treatment method used.

Success rates differ significantly based on age. For women under 35, Waterstone Clinic reports a 64% live birth rate per egg collection, while ReproMed shows a 78% success rate for fresh embryo transfers with PGT. The HSE estimates approximately a 1 in 3 chance of pregnancy after one fresh IVF cycle for women aged 18-34. For those aged 35-40, rates range from 65% at ReproMed (with PGT, ages 36-37) to approximately 17% according to the HSE (ages 38-39). Women over 40 have varying success rates, with Waterstone Clinic reporting 32% for ages 41-42 and 20% for ages 42+, while ReproMed shows a 77% success rate with PGT.

Merrion Fertility Clinic reported a clinical pregnancy rate of 41.9% per embryo transfer for all age groups in 2022, with higher rates (52.6%) for good quality Day 5 embryos, and a 30% live birth rate in 2024.

Question 16

Are egg donors anonymous in Ireland?

Accepted Answer

In Ireland, egg donors are not anonymous, and the donor’s identity is available to any child conceived using their eggs.

This non-anonymous donation requirement has been in place since May 5, 2020, as a result of regulations stemming from the Children and Family Relationships Act 2015. Donor-conceived children can now access identifying information about their donor when they turn 16, a change from the previous age of 18 as outlined in the original 2015 Act and updated by the Health (Assisted Human Reproduction) Act 2024.

The Children and Family Relationships Act 2015 also led to the creation of a National Donor-Conceived Person Register to ensure donor information is properly recorded and accessible when the child reaches the age of 16, should they choose to access it.

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